In article questions of providing acoustically comfortable conditions in the high-rise buildings which were widely adopted in the last decades are considered. The main sources of the internal and external noise influencing the population of high-rise buildings are described. Features of mechanisms of transfer of air, shock and structural noise through internal enclosing structures of the building are considered. It is noted that the main way of fight against noise in high-rise buildings is providing appropriate sound insulation with protections of rooms of buildings of air, shock and structural noise. Questions of assessment and rationing of sound insulation are considered. The basic principles of design, calculation procedures and standard technical solutions of sound vibration insulation are given in high-rise buildings. Features of design of floating floors, suspended ceilings, unary and double walls and partitions, ways of strengthening of sound insulation of protections in the existing buildings are in detail considered. Features of isolation of places of communications passage through enclosing structures (pipes of cold and hot water supply, the sewerage, ventilation, etc.) are described. The standard design base for introduction in domestic construction practice of the soundproofing systems providing a combination of effective solutions of tasks of noise reduction to high-quality finishing of rooms on the basis of use of modern sound-proof and sound-absorbing materials is described. The recommendations about providing standard sound insulation of protections provided in article in high-rise buildings will allow to increase quality of the performed project works on sound insulation, to reduce terms and to reduce design cost, to reduce risks of miscalculations at design of sound insulation and to provide finally standard, acoustically favorable conditions of work, accommodation and rest of the population of high-rise buildings.

I.L. SHUBIN, Corresponding Member of RAACS, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Director (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
V.A. AISTOV, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
M.A. POROZCHENKO, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy architecture and construction sciences (21, Lokomotivniy proezd, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)

1. Tsukernikov I.E., Shubin I.L., Nevenchannaya T.O. Analysis of rules for noise and vibration rationing and hygienic estimation at workplaces and in living conditions in residential buildings and premises. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2017. No. 6, pp. 3–7. (In Russian).
2. Spiridonov A.V., Tsukernikov I.E., Shubin I.L. Monitiring and analysis of construction regulations in the field room inner climate and safety of harmful exposure. Part 3. Acoustic factors (noise, vibration, infrasound, ultrasound). BST: Byulleten’ stroitel’noi tekhniki. 2016. No. 6, pp. 8–11. (In Russian).
3. Tsukernikov I.E., Tikhomirov L.A., Solomatin E.O., Saltykov I.P., Kochkin N.A. Building acoustics problem solution as a factor providing safety and comfort residing in buildings. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2014. No. 6, pp. 49–52. (In Russian).
4. Osipov G.L., Bobilev V.N., Borisov L.A. et all. Zvukoizolyatsiya i zvukopogloshchenie [Sound insula tion and absorption]. Мoscow: AST, Astrel. 2004. 450 p.
5. Schallschutz nach DIN 4109. Aktualisierte Neuauflage. Wienerberger. Ausgabe Oktober 2016.
6. Kürer R. VDI 4100 Schallschutz von Wohnungen – Kriterien für die Planung und Beurteilung. Zeitschrift für Lärmbekämpfung. 1993.40, pp. 37–42.
7. Müller Egbert. Güteschutz Estrich RAL-RG 818. Estrichtechnik, IBF/1999. Heft IV.
8. Porozchenko M.A. The impact noise insulation of the enclosing structures of the building. BST: Byulleten’ stroitel’noi tekhniki. 2018. No. 6, pp. 34–35.(In Russian).
9. Gorin V.A., Klimenko V.V., Porozchenko M.A. Investigation of sound insulation of multi-layer floor slabs. Stroitel’stvo i reconstruczia. 2018. No. 3 (77), pp. 46–51. (In Russian).
10. Kochkin A. A., Shubin I. L. Study of layered vibro-damped elements and structures of them for noise reduction. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Tekhnologiya tekstil’noi promyshlennosti. 2018. No. 3 (375), pp. 184–187. (In Russian).
11. Shubin I.L., Kochkin N.А. To the calculation of sound insulation of fencing in the reconstruction of buildings using laminated vibrodamping elements. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Tekhnologiya tekstil’noi promyshlennosti. 2018. No. 3 (375), pp. 236–241. (In Russian).
12. Kochkin А.А., Shubin I.L., Shashkova L.E., Kochkin N.A. Design of sound insulation of layered elements of finite dimensions. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Tekhnologiya tekstil’noi promyshlennosti. 2016. No. 4 (364), pp. 161–166. (In Russian).
13. Poroshenko M.A., Minaeva N.A., Sukhov V.N. Evaluation of airborne sound insulation of a wall with a flexible plate on the relative. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2016. No. 7, рр. 54–56. (In Russian).
14. Kochkin A.A., Ciryatkova A.V., Shubin I.L. The study of airborne sound insulation of double cladding structures. BST: Byulleten’ stroitel’noi tekhniki. 2018. № 6 (1006), pp. 20–21. (In Russian).
15. Antonov A.I., Ledenev V.I., Matveeva I.V., Shubin I.L. Evaluation of the distribution of direct sound from the sound insulation fences of technological equipment of textile and light industry. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Tekhnologiya tekstil’noi promyshlennosti. 2016. No. 4 (364), pp. 167–173. (In Russian).
16. Leliuga O.V., Ovsyannikov S.N., Shubin I.L. The study of sound insulation internal walling including the structural transmission. BST: Byulleten’ stroitel’noi tekhniki. 2018. No. 7 (1007), pp. 39–43. (In Russian).

The work was done the analysis of the strength and deformation characteristics of the modern PU-foams, and the rationale for their application in erection to joints of window assemblies adjoined to wall openings. The study of PU-foam econocom segment was made. The analysis of the system “window unit-erection joint” under the influence of the existing complex of loads and actions was performed. The assessment of linear temperature deformations of PVC, aluminum and wood windows was made. Laboratory tests of five types of PU-foams were made. The following PU-foam characteristics were determined: density, tensile strength and elongation at break. It was found that at the average PU- foams density less than 13,46 kg/m3, their average tensile strength and elongation at break were 0,058 MPa and 1,37%, respectively. The obtained indicators were significantly lower than the standard values. It was determined that modern PU-foams economy segment, presented on the russian market, have a limited scope and can only be used for the windows not affected by significant changes in operating temperatures (located indoors, protected from direct sunlight), as well as any wooden windows. For installation of large-format color PVC windows it is necessary to use PU-foams with the relative elongation at break not less than 10%.

A.P. KONSTANTINOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
V.S. SEMENOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Boriskina I.V., Shvedov N.V., A. Plotnikov A.A. Sovremennye svetoprozrachnye konstrukcii grazhdanskih zdanij. Okonnye sistemy iz PVH [Modern translucent structures of civil buildings. Handbook of the designer. Volume II PVC Window systems]. Saint Petersburg: NIUPC «Mezhregional’nyj institut okna». 2012. 320 p.
2. Korkina E.V. Criterion of efficiency of replacement of double-glazed windows in the building for the purpose of energy saving. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 6, pp. 6–11. (In Russian).
3. Guideline for installation of windows and external pedestrian doors. Rosenheim: IFT Rosenheim. 2016. 251 p.
4. Boriskina I.V., Plotnikov A.A., Zaharov A.V. Proektirovanie sovremennyh okonnyh sistem grazhdanskih zdanii [Design of modern window systems for civil buildings]. Saint Petersburg: Vybor. 2008. 360 p.
5. Boriskina I.V., Shchurov A.N., Plotnikov A.A. Okna dlya individual’nogo stroitel’stva [Windows for individual construction]. Moscow: Funke Rus, 2013. 320 p.
6. Konstantinov A.P. Calculation of PVC window blocks for wind load. Perspektivy nauki. 2018. No.  1 (100), pp. 26–30. (In Russian).
7. Konstantinov A., Lambias Ratnayake M. Calculation of PVC windows for wind loads in high-rise buildings. E3S Web of Conferences. 2018. Vol. 33. 02025.
8. Kalabin V.A. Assessment of PVC profile thermal deformation. Part 1. Winter transverse deformations. Svetoprozrachnye konstrukcii. 2013. No. 1–2, pp. 6–9. (In Russian).
9. Kalabin V.A. Assessment of PVC profile thermal deformation. Part 2. Summer transverse deformations. Svetoprozrachnye konstrukcii. 2013. No. 3, pp. 12–15. (In Russian).
10. Kalabin V.A. Assessment of PVC profile thermal deformation. Part 2. Summer transverse deformations. Svetoprozrachnye konstrukcii. 2013. No. 4, pp. 34–38. (In Russian).
11. Verkhovsky A.A., Zimin A.N., Potapov S.S. The applicability of modern translucent walling for the climatic regions of Russia. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2015. No. 6, pp. 16–19. (In Russian).
12. Konstantinov A.P., Ibragimov A.M. Complex approach to the calculation and design of translucent structures. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2019. No. 1–2, pp. 14–17. (In Russian).

The new development of LLC “Ksellma” – light facade decor on the basis of a mineral wool insulant is presented. The decor consists of separate elements formed from mineral wool insulant using the template, and covered with protective and decorative mineral composition. After assembling and fixing the decor elements on the facade according to the project, the connections between them are puttied, the decor is included in the general system of insulation of facades. In addition to decorative and heat-insulating functions, the light decor contributes to improvement of sound insulation and can be used as fire-fighting cuts. The prospects for the use of light decor in the new construction of large-panel houses to create a “warm seam” and increase the architectural expressiveness of the facades, as well as the renovation of five-storey residential buildings of the first mass series are substantiated. These houses have enough resource of physical durability, but absolutely morally outdated. They require thermal-technical modernization, provision of their individuality and visual appeal. The light weight of decorative elements (for example, an element of 200601000 mm weighs 1.8 kg) practically does not load the existing foundations of five-storey houses even reconstructed with the superstructure of additional stories.

Y.A. GONCHAROV, Engineer, Chairman of the Board of Directors
G.G. DUBROVINA, Research Engineer, Technical Advisor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

“BELGIPS» JSC, «Ksellma» LLC (24, Kozlova Street, Republic of Belarus, 220037, Minsk)

1. Budarin E.L., Saprykina N.A. Features of the principle of ergonomics in architecture and design of the modern housing. Ontology of Designing. 2016. Vol. 6. No. 2 (20), pp. 205–215. http://agora.guru.ru/scientific_journal/files/Ontology_Of_Designing_2_2016_st.pdf (In Russian).
2. Grishneva E.A. Increase of power efficiency in real estate objects construction with implementation of “Smart Home” concept. ACADEMIA. Arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2010. No. 3, pp. 429–444. (In Russian).
3. Zhukova E.A., Chugunkov A.V., Rudnitskaya V.A. Facade decoration systems. Nauka. Stroitel’stvo. Obrazovanie. 2011. No. 1. http://www.nso-journal.ru/public/journals/1/issues/2011/01/15.pdf
4. Treskova N.V., Pushkin A.S. Modern wall materials and products. Stroitel’nye materialy, tekhnologii, oborudovanie 21 veka. 2013. No. 11 (178), pp. 32–35. (In Russian).
5. Zhukov A.D., Orlova A.M., Naumova T.A., Talalina I.Yu., Maiorova A.A. Building insulation systems. Nauchnoe obozrenie. 2015. No. 7, pp. 218–221. (In Russian).
6. Zhukov A.D., Bobrova E.Yu., Karpova A.O. Faсade Systems: durability, utility and beauty. Vestnik MGSU. 2015. No. 10, pp. 201–207. (In Russian).
7. Sobinova K.S., Ozhishchenko O.A., Savitskii N.V. Analysis of existing systems of thermal insulation facades. Vestnik Pridneprovskoi gosudarstvennoi akademii stroitel’stva i arkhitektury. 2013. No. 1–2, pp. 178–184. (In Russian).
8. Meshalkin E.A. Facade systems: application trend and fire hazard. Pozharovzryvobezopasnost’. 2007. Vol. 16. No. 2, pp. 12–18. (In Russian).
9. Selyutina L.G., Kuponosova Yu.N. Privolzhskii nauchnyi vestnik. 2016. No. 5 (56), pp. 111–113. (In Russian).
10. TCP 45-2.04-43–2006 * (02250) Technical code of the established practice of the Republic of Belarus, Building heat engineering. Construction design standards. Minsk: Ministry of Architecture and Construction. 2006, 47 p. (In Russian).
11. Zhukov D.D., Dubrovina G.G. Thermal insulation materials. Informatsionnyi byulleten’ «Stroitel’nyi rynok». 2006. No. 15. (In Russian).

This system makes it possible to move from the use of usual typical block-sections towards prefabricated individual houses with a reduction in construction time by 1.5–2 times compared to monolithic, and, as a result, a reduction in the cost of a square meter. The use of a new system of prefabricated housing construction makes it possible to eliminate the disadvantages of monolithic construction – long periods, work with concrete under building conditions, low quality control, concrete curing works under various climatic conditions, a large amount of work with small-piece materials, etc.; to address shortcomings of typical panel block-sections – no free layouts, the inability to quickly change the apartment layouts, “dull” facades, lack of adaptation of the first floors under technological requirements of non-residential premises, the inability to place a built-in underground parking without the use of monolithic stylobate and to form a modern urban environment, etc. The article describes new non-standard structural solutions confirmed by the tests conducted. Also, the features of the project implementation since the birth of a new advanced idea to its implementation on the construction site are specified and worked out.

D.V. PAVLENKO, General Director (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
S.E. SHMELEV, Honoured Builder of Russia
D.V. KUZNETSOV, Deputy General Director, Chief Engineer
D.V. SAPRONOV, Deputy General Director, Chief Architect
S.S. FISENKO, Head of Building Structures Department
N.V. DAMRINA, Chief of Personnel

SC ”Southern Regional Research and Design Institute of Urban Planning (6/3, Sedova Street, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russian Federation)

1. Antipov D.N. Industrial housing construction in the 21st century. Aktual’nye voprosy ekonomicheskikh nauk. 2011. No. 23, pp. 110–113. (In Russian).
2. Kalabin A.V., Kukovyakin A.B. Mass housing estate: problems and prospects. Akademicheskii vestnik UralNIIproekt RAASN. 2017. No. 3 (34), pp. 55–60. (In Russian).
3. Kazin A.S. Industrial housing construction: yesterday, today, tomorrow. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 10, pp. 22–26. (In Russian).
4. Davidyuk A.N., Nesvetaev G.V. Large-panel housing construction – an important provision for solving the housing problem In Russia. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 3, pp. 24–26. (In Russian).
5. Baranova L.N. Development of industrial housing construction and the industry of construction materials in various regions of Russia. Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii estestvennykh nauk. 2013. No. 3, pp. 61–63. (In Russian).
6. Kozelkov M.M., Lugovoi A.V. Analysis of the basic regulatory legal documents in the field of designing and construction for recycling. Vestnik NIC “Stroitel’stvo”. 2017. No. 4 (15), pp. 134–145. (In Russian).
7. Sokolov B.S., Zenin S.A. Analysis of the regulatory base for designing reinforced concrete structures. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 3, pp. 4–12. (In Russian).
8. Trishchenko I.V., Kastornykh L.I., Fominykh Yu.S., Gikalo M.A. Evaluation of effectiveness of investment project of reconstruction of large-panel housing construction enterprises. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 10, pp. 39–43. (In Russian).
9. Manukhina O.A., Rybko V.S., Romanov N.R. Monolithic construction: problems and prospects. Ekonomika I predprinimatel’stvo. 2018. No. 4 (93), pp. 15–18. (In Russian).
10. Usmanov Sh.I. Formation of economic strategy of development of industrial housing construction In Russia. Politika, gosudarstvo i pravo. 2015. No. 1 (37), pp. 76–79. (In Russian).
11. Kotova L.G., Shevchenko A.P. Innovative strategy of the enterprises of construction branch. XXI vek: itogi proshlogo i problemy nastoyashchego. 2014. T. 1. No. 2 (18), pp. 170–174. (In Russian).
12. Shmelev S.E. Myths and Truth about Monolithic and Precast Housing Construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2016. No. 3, pp. 40–42. (In Russian).
13. Nikolaev S.V. Arrangement of balconies with the help of hollow core floor slabs. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 10, pp. 17–21. (In Russian).
14. Nikolaev S.V. Renovation of housing stock of the country on the basis of large-panel housing construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 3, pp. 3–7. (In Russian).
15. Nikolaev S.V., Schreiber A.K., Etenko V.P. Panel-frame house-building-a new stage in the development of efficiency. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2015. No. 2, pp. 3–7. (In Russian).
16. Nikolaev S.V., Schreiber A.K., Khayutin Y.G. Innovative system of frame and panel construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2014. No. 5, pp. 3–5. (In Russian).

The article is devoted to the problem of creating an effective fire-resistant mineral heat insulation material based on a binder, the basis of which is a gel of hydrosilicic acid, obtained by volumetric curing of foamed sodium liquid glass and expanded perlite. The data of the experiment on the selection of the type and quantity of foaming agent, providing producing of masses with a different coefficient of foaming are presented. The ratios between the amount of binder and perlite, which make it possible to mold the product by injection molding method and to obtain materials with different strength and density, are determined. The methods of strengthening the material due to the partial introduction of dust-like quartz (marshalite) into the composition, as well as due to the modification of liquid glass are considered. The properties of thermal insulation material samples based on perlite sand and liquid glass modified by polymethylsiloxane are presented.

ZIN MIN HTET, Engineer, (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
I.N. TIKHOMIROVA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia (20, Geroev Panfilovtsev Street, Moscow, 125480, Russian Federation)

1. Gorlov Yu.P. Tekhnologiya teploizolyatsionnykh materialov [Technology thermal insulation materials]. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1980. 399 p.
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3. Korenkov S. Filled Foam Concretes in Building Envelope Construction. Building Materials. 2000. No. 8, pp. 12–14.
4. Kalugin V.A., Lotov V.A., Revenko V.V. The Management of the processes of pore teroperability products based on liquid glass. Steklo i keramika. 2009. No. 11, pp. 19–22. (In Russian).
5. Pimenov A. N. Vysokoprochnyi kislotostoikii beton na osnove zhidkogo stekla i aktivnogo napolnitelya. Povyshenie dolgovechnosti promzdanii i sooruzhenii za schet primeneniya polimerbetonov [High-strength acid-resistant concrete based on liquid glass and active filler. Increasing the durability of buildings and structures through the use of polymer concretes]. Tashkent. 1978. 220 p.
6. Ryzhkov I.V., Tolstoy V.S. Fiziko-khimicheskie osnovy formirovaniya svoistv smesei s zhidkim steklom [Physical and chemical bases of formation of properties of mixtures with liquid glass]. Khar’kov: Vishcha shkola. 1975. 136 p.
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8. Ivanov M.Y. Granular insulation material based on the modified liquid glass composition. Cand. Diss. (Engineering). Bratsk. 2007. 200 p.
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10. Grigoriev P.N., Matveev M.A. Rastvorimoe steklo [Soluble glass]. Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1956. 442 p.
11. Tarasova A.P. Zharostoikie vyazhushchie na zhidkom stekle i betony na ikh osnove [Heat-Resistant binders on liquid glass and concrete on their basis]. Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1982. 130 p.
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14. Aronchik A.M. Effective materials products based on expanded perlite of the plant “Stroyperlit”. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 1971. No. 1, pp. 168–169. (In Russian).
15. Shabanova N.A., Trukhanov N.V. the Process of transition Zola in the gel and the xerogel in the colloidal silica. Colloidnyi Journal. 1989. No. 51, pp. 1157–1163. (In Russian).
16. Khananashvili L.M. Khimiya i tekhnologiya elementoorganicheskikh monomerov i polimerov [Chemistry and technology of organoelement monomers and polymers]. Moscow: Himiya, 1998. 528 p.
17. Zin M.H., Tikhomirova I.N. Heat-insulating materials on the basis of the made foam liquid glass. Uspekhi v khimii i khimicheskoi tekhnologii. 2017. Vol. 31. No. 3 (184), рр. 34–36. (In Russian).

In this paper mechanisms of construction composite evolution when it’s using under varied environmental conditions from the point of view of technogenic matasomatosis are studied. The term «technogenic matasomatosis in construction material science» is formed and developed in framework of scientific field «geonics» and «geomimetics». The functional system of metasomatic transformation of construction composite is presented using metasomatic column as an example. The importance of thermodynamic analysis for energy potential of material surface as a basis for metasomatic transformations is shown. The main theoretical problems of technogenic matasomatosis in construction material science are observed. Solution of them will be a base for design of composites with self-sealing properties and composites those are able to adapt to environmental exposure. Development of this research field is oriented on improving of comfortability of the Homo Sapiens in the system «human – material – life environment».

V.S. LESOVIK¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
E.V. FOMINA¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
A.M. AYZENSHTADT², Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov (46, Kostyukova Street, Belgorod, 308012, Russian Federation)
² Northern (Arctic) Federal University of M.V. Lomonosov (17, emb. Northern Dvina, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russian Federation)

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The main stages of the development of technology of autoclaved materials are given. Features of transformation of approaches to design of materials of autoclave hardening with due regard for problems of production, geo-economic conditions, parameters of technology and other factors are shown. The necessity of transition from classical technology, which is based on the use of traditional natural components, to utilization and modification approaches, providing improving technical and economic indices of the materials of autoclave hardening in terms of reduction of material and energy costs when obtaining products of specified quality is substantiated. Modern methodological bases for increasing the efficiency of autoclave hardening materials, when using natural and anthropogenic raw materials of various genotypes, are presented. It is shown that the basis of the modern concept of control over the processes of structure formation of materials of autoclave hardening as a guarantor of obtaining materials with an optimal combination of quality indicators is the most complete use of the possibilities of raw materials without significant complication of the production process.

V.V. NELYUBOVA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov (46, Kostyukova Street, Belgorod, 308012, Russian Federation)

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87. Song Y., Li B., Yang E.-H., Liu Y., Ding T. Feasibility study on utilization of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash as aerating agent for the production of autoclaved aerated concrete. Cement & Concrete Composites. 2015. Vol. 56, pp. 51–58.
88. Qin J., Cui C., Yang C., Cui X., Hu B., Huang J. Dewatering of waste lime mud and after calcining its applications in the autoclaved products. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2016. Vol. 113, pp. 355–364.
89. Liu Y., Leong B. S., Hu Z.-T., Yang E.-H. Autoclaved aerated concrete incorporating waste aluminum dust as foaming agent. Construction and Building Materials. 2017. Vol. 148. Pр. 140–147.
90. Wan H., Hu Y., Liu G., Qu Y. Study on the structure and properties of autoclaved aerated concrete produced with the stone-sawing mud. Construction and Building Materials. 2018. Vol. 184, pp. 20–26.

In October 2018, the Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction held the International Conference «Actual Problems in the Production of Building Materials and Ways to Solve Them». Over 100 leading scientists and engineers of higher educational institutions, research institutes, heads of construction enterprises of the Republic of Azerbaijan, as well as specialists from 5 foreign countries participated in the conference. The themes of the conference included a wide range of issues devoted to the problems of production of building materials; new technologies of building materials production; modern methods of the study of building materials; structure and properties of composite materials; safety and ecology in building materials production; design and development of building materials with the use of the newest developments in the nano-technology. The “Construction Materials” Journal was the information partner of the conference.

L.V. SAPACHEVA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

«STROYMATERIALY» Advertising-Publishing Firm, OOO (9, structure 3, Dmitrovskoye Highway, Moscow, 127434, Russian Federation)

The article is dedicated to improving properties of high strength gypsum binder. For this purpose was used high-reactivity metakaolin – HRM. First of all the characteristics of metakaolin – the degree and composition of the dispersion have been determined. As a result of the experiments it has been established that the addition of metakaolin significantly increases the mechanical strength of binding material consisting of gypsum and lime mixer (the metakaolin has increased by 30% relative to nonionic samples) and also has a positive effect on water permeability (water resistance factor from 0.4 to 0, Up to 69). These results were obtained during the use of metakaolin by 7% and 5% of the population. An increase in the water permeability of the material studied was also confirmed by X-ray analysis. It has been established that the metacaolin-specific amorphous structure is not observed in the diffractogram of the material prepared on the basis of this compound, and there are fewer intensity lines of new crystalline structures. It shows that all the metakaolin used was interacting with the other components (whith Ca(OH)₂) and formed a new crystalline structure.

I.N. SHIRINZADE, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
E.H. BASHIROV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)
I.D. KURBANOVA, Engineer

Azerbaijani architectural and construction university (AZ 1073, Azerbaijan, Baku, A. Sultanova St., 5)

1. Fisher H.-B. Low-burnt calcium sulfate hemihydrate and water absorption. Zement I ego primenenie. 2005. No. 4, pp. 39–42. (In Russian).
2. Chernysheva N.V. The Use of Anthropogenic Raw Materials for Increase of Woter Resistance of a Composite Gypsum Binder. Stroitel,nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No.7, pp. 53–56. (In Russian).
3. Shirinzade I. N. Fiziko-khimicheskie osnovy stroitel’nykh materialov [Physicochemical properties of building materials]. Baku. 2006. 278 p.
4. Kuznetsova T.V., Kudrashev I.V., Timashev V.V Fizicheskaya khimiya vyazhushchikh materialov [Physical chemistry of binding materials]. Мoscow: Vysshaya shkola, 1989. 384 p.
5. Goncharov Yu.A., Dubrovina G.G., Gubskaya A.G., Bur’yanov A.F. Gipsovye materialy i izdeliya novogo pokoleniya: otsenka energoeffektivnosti [Plaster materials and products of new generation: energy efficiency assessment]. Minsk: Kolovrat, 2016. 333 p.
6. Berdov G.I., Il’ina L.V., Zyryanova V.N., Nikonenko N.I., Sukharenko V.A. Influence of Mineral Microfillers on Building Materials Properties. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 9, pp. 79–83. (In Russian).
7. Khudyakova L.I., Voiloshnikov O.V., I.Yu. Influence of Mechanical Activation on Process of Formation and Properties of Composite Binding Materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2015. No. 3, pp. 37–39. (In Russian).
8. Garkavi M.S., Artamonov A.V., Kolodezhnaya E.V., Nefedev A.P., Khudovekova E.A., Buryanov A.F., Fisher H.-B. Activated fillers for gypsum and anhydrite mixes. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 8, pp. 14–17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2018-762-8-14-17 (In Russian).
9. Belov V.V., Petropavlovskaya V.B., Khramtsov N.V. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction мaterials]. Moscow: ASV. 2014. 272 p.
10. Zhernovsky I.V., Kozhukhova N.I., Cherevatova A.V., Rakhimbaev I.Sh., Zhernovskaya I.V. New data about nano-sized phase formation in binding system «gypsum — lime». Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2016. No.7, pp. 9–12. (In Russian).
11. Fedulov A.A. Tekhnologiya gipsovykh otdelochnykh materialov i izdelii [Technology of gypsum finishing materials and products]. Moscow: RIF «STROIMATERIALY». 2018. 240 p.
12. Garkavi M.S., Fisher H.-B., Burianov A.F. Features of crystallization of gypsum dihydrate in the course of artificial aging of gypsum binder. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2015. No. 12, pp. 73–75. (In Russian).
13. Petropavlovskij K.S., Novichenkova T.B. Effect of modifying additives on the structure formation of self-reinforced gypsum composites. V International seminar-competition of young scientists and post-graduate students working in the field of binders, concretes and dry mixes: collection of reports. Saint Petersburg. 2015, pp. 112–119. (In Russian).
14. Morozova N.N., Kuznetsova G.V., Maysuradze N.V., Akhtariev R.R., Abdrashitova L.R., Nizamutdinova E.R. Research in the activity of a pozzolanic component and superplasticizer for gypsum cement pozzolanic binder of white colour (GCPB). Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 8, pp. 26–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2018-762-8-26-30 (In Russian).
15. Khozin V.G., Morozova N.N., Sagdatullin D.G. Highstrength composite plaster knitting for constructional concrete. 2. Weimar Gypsum Conference. Weimar. 2014, pp. 225–322.
16. Manushina A.S., Akhmetzhanov A.M., Potapova E N. Influence of additives on properties of gypsum cement pozzolanic binder. Uspekhi v khimii i khimicheskoy tekhnologii. 2015. Vol. XXIX. No. 7, pp. 59-61. (In Russian).
17. Belov V.V., Obraztsov I.V. The use of virtual simulators for employees of industrial laboratories. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2015. No. 3, pр. 64–67. (In Russian).

Currently, the development of urban areas, which were previously considered as unpromising and unsuitable for construction, is becoming particularly relevant. As a rule, these territories represent, from the point of view of topography, construction sites crossed by ravines, and from the point of view of engineering-geological conditions – the alternating soils of various genesis with participation of subsiding biogenic and man-made soils. These circumstances impose increased requirements for the design of facilities, taking into account the development of measures to ensure the safe operation of existing buildings and structures, as well as the stability of the slopes themselves. Besides, to the technology of construction production for the construction of buried structures and above-foundation structures special conditions must be applied. The algorithm of design and construction of embedded retaining structures is presented. The technology of construction of piles with the indication of properties of the used materials is described.

N.S. SOKOLOV^1,2, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Associate Professor, Director (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ OOO NPF «FORST» (109a, ul. Kalinina, 428000, Cheboksary, Russian Federation)
² Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education «I.N. Ulianov Chuvash State University» (15, Moskovskiy pr., 428015, Cheboksary, Russian Federation)

1. Ilyichev V.A., Mangushev R.A., Nikiforova N.S. Experience of development of under-ground space of policies Russian mega. Osnovaniya, fundamenty i mekhanika gruntov. 2012. No. 2, рр. 17–20. (In Russian).
2. Ulitsky V.M., Shashkin A.G., Shashkin K.G. Geotekhnicheskoe soprovozhdenie razvitiya gorodov [Geotechnical maintenance of development of the cities]. Saint Petersburg: Georekonstruktsia, 2010. 551 p.
3. Тer-Martirosyan Z.G. Mekhanika gruntov [Mekhanik of soil]. Moscow: ASV, 2009. 550 p.
4. Ulitsky V.M., Shashkin A.G., Shashkin K.G. Geotekhnicheskoe soprovozhdenie razvitiya gorodov [Geotechnical maintenance of development of the cities]. Saint Petersburg: Georekonstruktisia, 2010. 551 p.
5. Sokolov N.S. Sokolov S.N. Uning continuous flight augering piles for securing slopes. Materials of 5th All-Russian conference “New in architecture, design of building structures and reconstruction”, 2005. Cheboksary: CHGU, 2005. pp. 292–293. (In Russian).
6. Sokolov N.S. The method of continuous flight augering piles carrying capacity calculation which are made by using discharging of current pulses. Materials of 8th All-Russian (2nd International) conference “New in architecture, design of building structures and reconstruction”. Cheboksary: CHGU, 2014, pp. 407–411,
7. Sokolov N.S., Ryabinov V.M. About one method of calculation of the bearing capability the buroinjektsi-onnykh svay-ERT. Osnovaniya, fundamenty i mekhanika gruntov. 2015. No. 1, pp. 10–13. (In Russian).
8. Sokolov N.S., Ryabinov V.M. About effectiveness of the appliance of continuous flight augering piles with multiple caps using electric-discharge technology. Geotehnika. 2016. No.2, pp. 28–34. (In Russian).
9. Sokolov N.S., Ryabinov V.M. Special aspects of the appliance and the calculation of continuous flight augering piles with multiple caps. Geotehnika. 2016. No. 3, pp. 60–66. (In Russian)
10. Sokolov N.S., Ryabinov V.M. The technology of appliance of continuous flight augering piles with increased bearing capacity. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2016. No. 9, pp. 11–14. (In Russian).
11. Sokolov N.S. Criteria of economic efficiency of use of drilled piles. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2017. No. 5, pp 34–38. (In Russian).

This article presents an analysis of existing devices for tensioning composite polymer reinforcement. It is shown that application of anchoring devices is gaining wider popularity due to the simplicity of design and technology of rebar fixation. The carrying capacity of such devices is significantly affected by the material of the anchor wedges, the strength of the anchoring (pre-pressing) of the wedges, and the technology of rebar manufacturing. The conducted research includes experimental study of the load capacity of an anchor-type device for tensioning glass-composite reinforcement of three different profiles in the stress state in the range from 40 to 70 percent of tensile strength. The method of testing, criteria for carrying capacity evaluation, as well as established influence patterns of the anchor wedges prepressing on the rebar slippage were described. It was found that each diameter of the reinforcement and type of profile requires its own dependencies to assign fixing forces that provide the required tension of the reinforcement in prestressed concrete products. The recommended technical characteristics were established for the developed anchoring device. They include preliminary fixing parameters for the ends of three different types of reinforcement profiles with a diameter of 8 mm, while maintaining the required strength of the reinforcing bar and preventing slipping in the device under the action of tensile loads, specified according to SP 295.1325800.201.

I.V. ABRAMOV¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
Yu.V. TURYGIN¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
P.V. LEKOMTSEV¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
A.V. ROMANOV¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
A.V. BUCHKIN², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
Z.S. SAIDOVA¹, Master, (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University (7, Studencheskaya Street, Izhevsk, 426069, Russian Federation)
² Research Institute of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete named after A.A. Gvozdev (NIIZHB), JSC “Research Center of Construction” (6, 2nd Institutskaya Street, Moscow, 109428, Russian Federation)

1. Patent RF 73351U1. Ankernoe ustroistvo dlya armatury periodicheskogo profilya. [Anchor device for reinforcement of a periodic profile]. Tkachev S.N., Volkov Yu.P., Pozdeev S.P. Declared 09.01.2008. Published 20.05.2008. Bulletin No. 14. (In Russian).
2. Patent RF 159663U1. Gil’za dlya uderzhivaniya prutka kompozitnoi armatury, vyryvaemogo iz betona. [Sleeve for holding the rod of composite reinforcement torn out of concrete]. Shchepochkina Yu.A., Rumyantseva V.E., Konovalova V.S., Karavaev I.V. Declared 08.07.2015. Published 20.02.2016. Bulletin No. 5. (In Russian).
3. Patent RF 176344U1. Element soedinitel’nyi s nakonechnikom. [Element connecting with a tip]. Soplyachenko V.N., Rogozhin O.G., Gilman A.B., Schneider M.G. Declared 28.03.2017. Published 17.01.2018. Bulletin No. 2. (In Russian).
4. Patent RF 176504U1. Ankernoe ustroistvo dlya fiksatsii predvaritel’no-napryazhennykh armaturnykh sterzhnei. [Anchor device for fixing pre-stressed reinforcing bars]. Umarov B.Sh., Piskunov A.A., Zinnurov T.A., Safiyulina L.G., Petropavlovskikh O.K., Voltaire A.R. Declared 04.07.2016. Published 22.01.2018. Bulletin No. 3. (In Russian).
5. Patent RF 2615555C1. Anker dlya kompozitsionnogo armaturnogo elementa. [Anchor for composite reinforcing element]. Nikolaev V.N. Declared 02.02.2016. Published 05.04.2017. Bulletin No. 10. (In Russian).
6. Patent RF 2639337C1. Anker dlya kompozitsionnogo armaturnogo elementa. [Anchor for composite reinforcing element]. Nikolaev V.N. Declared 20.09.2016. Published 21.12.2017. Bulletin No. 36. (In Russian).
7. Patent RF 168979U1. Anker dlya zakrepleniya silovogo elementa iz kompozitsionnogo materiala. [Anchor for fastening the force element from a composite material]. Vinogradov A.B., Levin Yu.K.; Declared 12.09.2016. Published 01.03.2017. Bulletin No. 7. (In Russian).
8. Patent RF 2613370C1. Ustroistvo dlya ankerovki kompozitnoi armatury. [Device for anchoring of composite reinforcement]. Nakashidze B.V., Berezin P.B., Nakashidze D.G. Declared 26.10.2015. Published 16.03.2017. Bulletin No. 8. (In Russian).
9. Patent RF 5489 U2009.08.30. Ustroistvo dlya krepleniya kontsov stekloplastikovoi armatury. [A device for fixing the ends of fiberglass reinforcement]. Popok N.N., Shabanov D.N., Terentyev V.A., Sopikov I.Ya. Declared 03.02.2009. Published 30.08.2009. (In Russian).
10. Patent СN 104727487A. Composite CFRP (carbon fibre reinforced polymer) tendon anchoring system / Qinghua Han, Lichen Wang, Jie Xu, Yan Lu, Ying Xu. Declared 23.03.2015. Published 24.06.2015.
11. Patent US 4958961. Anchoring arrangement for a rodshaped tension member formed of fiber renforced composte material / Thomas Herbst, Dieter Jungwirt. Declared 10.10.1989. Published 25.09.1990.
12. Patent US 5437526A. Arrangement for anchoring a rod-shaped tension member of composite fiber material / Herbst Thomas, Bolmer Berthold, von Grolman Hartmut, Liigering Anton, Schnitzler Lorenz. Declared 18.12.1992. Published 01.08.1995.
13. Patent US 5713169A. Anchorage device for high performance fiber composite cables / Meier Urs, Meier Heinz, Kim Patrick. Declared 13.04.1995. Published 03.02.1998.
14. Patent RF 9358 U2013.08.30. [A device for fastening the ends of fiberglass reinforcement]. Shabanov D.N., Popok N.N., Nikitin A.A., Prokop A.A., Lavrinovich V.A. Declared 08.01.2013. Published 30.08.2013. (In Russian).
15. Lobanov D.S. Experimental studies of the deformation and strength properties of polymer composite materials and filler panels. Cand. Diss. (Engineering). Perm. 2015. 148 p. (In Russian).
16. Gizdatullin A.R. Features of the test and the nature of the destruction of polymer composite reinforcement. Inzhenerno-stroitel’nyi zhurnal. 2014. No. 3, pp. 40–47. (In Russian).
17. Stepanova V.F., Stepanov A.Yu., Zhirkov E.P. Armatura kompozitnaya polimernaya [Composite polymer reinforcement]. Moscow: DIA. 2013. 200 p.
18. PAUL Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG –Kreissägemaschinen und Spannbeton: Anchor Grips. URL: http://www.paul.eu/en/produkte/spannbeton-technik/spannverankerungen.html (Date of access 19.10.2018).
19. Al-Mayah A., Soudki K., Plumtree A. Mechanical behavior of CFRP rod anchors under tensile loading. Journal of composites for construction. 2001. No. 5 (2), pp. 128–135.
20. Grakhov V., Yakovlev G., Gordina A., Zakharov A., Saidova Z. Thermal analysis of glass-fiber reinforced polymer rebars. Engineering Structures And Technologies. 2017. No. 9 (3), pp. 142–147.
21. Bennitz A., Schmidt, J.W. Failure modes of prestressed CFRP rods in a wedge anchorage set-up. Advanced composites in construction 2009: Conference proceedings. 4th International Conference on Advanced Composites in Conctruction, Edinburgh. 2009. Vol. Fourth.
22. Patent US 6082063A. Restressing anchorage system for fiber reinforced plastic tendons / Shrive N.G. Declared 21.11.1996. Published 04.07.2000.
23. Al-Mayah A., Soudki K., Plumtree A. Effect of sandblasting on interfacial contact behavior of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer-metal couples. Journal of composites for construction. 2005. No. 9 (4), pp. 289–295.
24. Pirayeh Gar S. Structural performance of a full-depth precast bridge deck system prestressed and reinforced with AFRP bars. PhD Diss. (Engineering) Texas. 2012. 237 p.
25. Al-Mayah A., Soudki K., Plumtree A. Novel anchor system for CFRP rod: finite-element and mathematical models. Journal of composites for construction. 2007. No. 11 (4), pp. 469–476.
26. Patent RF 109172U1. Ankernoe ustroistvo dlya kompozitnoi armatury. [Anchor device for composite reinforcement]. Nikolaev V.N., Nikolaev V.V. Declared 12.05.2011. Published 10.10.2011. Bulletin No. 28. (In Russian).

For a reliable assessment of the technical condition of the building and its concrete and reinforced concrete structures, it is important to know the actual strength of concrete. At the same time, it is necessary to determine this parameter with minimal material and time expenditures and with minimal damage to the tested structures. For compliance of test results with the requirements of the current regulatory documentation, the choice of the optimal method for determining the strength means the choice of a combination of direct and indirect methods for determining the strength. According to the results of the evaluation of the initial material costs for the purchase of devices and the results of the assessment of time spent on testing, the optimal combination of methods for determining the strength is the joint use of the separation method with chipping and ultrasonic method. The use of this combination of methods also makes it possible to obtain the results of concrete strength measurements with high reliability.

A.A. PARFENOV¹, Engineer
O.A. SIVAKOVA¹, Engineer
O.A. GUSAR’², Bachelor
V.V. BALAKIREVA², Bachelor

¹ JSC “Design-Technological Bureau of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete” (JSC “KTB RC”) (Bldg. 15A, 6, 2-nd Institutskaya Street, Moscow, 109428, Russian Federation)
² National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Brigante M., Sumbatyan M.A. Acoustic methods in non-destructive testing of concrete: a review of foreign publications in the field of experimental research. Defektoskopiya. 2013. No. 2, pp. 52–67. (In Russian).
2. Nedavnii O.I., Smokotin A.V., Bogatyreva M.M., Protasova I.B. Experience of using the echo-pulse method for non-destructive testing of concrete bearing structures. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta. 2015. No. 1 (48), pp. 140–147. (In Russian).
3. Davidyuk A.A., Rumayantsev I.M. Strength control of structures made of high-strength concrete at the stage of operation of high-rise buildings. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 1–2, pp. 63–66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2018-756-1-2-63-66 (In Russian).
4. Gulunov A.V. Methods and means of nondestructive testing of concrete and reinforced concrete products. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2002. No. 8, pp. 14–16. (In Russian).
5. Vlasov V.M., Donov A.V., Kondakov V.E., Bakanovichus N.S. The use of non-destructive methods of control in assessing the quality of concrete for testing cores. Gidrotekhnicheskoe stroitel’stvo. 2007. No. 2, pp. 11–22. (In Russian).
6. Bukin A.V., Patrakov A.N. Determination of concrete strength by methods of destructive and non-destructive testing. Vestnik Permskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta. Stroitel’stvo i arkhitektura. 2010. No. 1, pp. 89–94. (In Russian).
7. Pavlov A.N. Non-destructive methods for monitoring the strength of concrete during the construction of monolithic buildings. Nauka, tekhnika i obrazovanie. 2015. No. 5 (11), pp. 47–49. (In Russian).
8. Kozlov A.V., Kozlov V.N. Development and current state of the methods of non-destructive testing and acoustic tomography of concrete. Defektoskopiya. 2015. No. 6, pp. 3–14. (In Russian).
9. Nesvetaev G.V., Kolleganov A.V., Kolleganov N.A. Features of non-destructive testing of concrete strength of operated reinforced concrete structures. Internet-zhurnal Naukovedenie. 2017. Vol. 9. No. 2, p. 100. (In Russian).
10. Yavorskii A.A., Martos V.V. Problems of ensuring the quality of monolithic construction objects. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2010. No. 3, pp. 6–8. (In Russian).
11. GOST 28570–90. Concretes. Methods of strength evaluation on cores drilled from structures. (In Russian).
12. GOST 22690–2015. Concretes. Determination of strength by mechanical methods of nondestructive testing. (In Russian).
13. GOST 17624–2012. Concretes. Ultrasonic method of strength determination. (In Russian).
14. GOST 18105–2010. Concretes. Rules for control and assessment of strength. (In Russian).
15. Ulybin A.V. On the choice of concrete strength inspection methods of ready-built structures. Magazine of Civil Engineering. 2011. No. 4 (22), pp. 10–15. (In Russian).
16. SP 13-102–2003. Regulations for inspection the structures of buildings and erections. Moscow: Gosstroy of Russia, GUP TsPP, 2004. (In Russian).
17. Zubkov V.A. Opredelenie prochnosti betona. [Determination of concrete strength]. Moscow: ASV. 1998. 120 p.