AbstractAbout AuthorsReferences
In connection with the change in building technologies in Russia and over the world as well as with the increasing need of the construction complex for high-functional and self-compacting concretes, superplasticizers are widely used for their production. If superplasticizers of the first generation and the influence of components of concrete on their effectiveness are researched well enough, the use of superplasticizers on the basis of polycarboxylates demands the attentive study of their properties, features of their interaction with the components of concrete and their influence on the structure and properties of materials obtained. The article presents analyses of the effect of cement compositions on the efficiency of polycarboxylate superplasticizers, especially the presence of aluminates and sulfates as well as clay and silt admixtures in the fillers. At that, the efficiency of superplasticizers is analyzes both separately and in complex with other additives. The role of these factors is also clarified in the hydration processes of cements and the formation of the structure and properties of concretes obtained. For reliable evaluating the efficiency of polycaboxylate additives, it is necessary to test them according to the methods of EN 1015 and GOST 30459–2008.
L.Ya. KRAMAR, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
B.Ya. TROFIMOV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering),
T.N. CHERNYKH, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.A. ORLOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering),
K.V. SHULDYAKOV, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
B.Ya. TROFIMOV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering),
T.N. CHERNYKH, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.A. ORLOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering),
K.V. SHULDYAKOV, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
South Ural State University (National Research University) (76, Lenina Avenue, Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russian Federation)
1. Batrakov V.G. Modifitsirovannye betony. Teoriya I praktika. [Modified concrete. Theory and practice] Moscow: Tekhnoproekt. 1998. 768 p.
2. Dobrolyubov G., Ratinov V.B., Rozenberg T.I. Prognozirovanie dolgovechnosti betona s dobavkami [Predicting the durability of concrete with additives] Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1983. 134 p.
3. Dobavki v beton: spravochnoe posobie [Concrete admixtures: handbook] / Ed. by V.S. Ramachandran. Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1988. 573 p.
4. Zotkin A.G. Betony s effektivnymi dobavkami [Concretes with effective additives] Moscow: Infra-Inzheneriya. 2014. 160 p.
5. Rekomendatsii po opredeleniyu soderzhaniya super plastifikatora C-3 v zhidkoi faze gidratiruyushchegosya tsementa [Recommendations for the determination of C-3 in the liquid phase superplasticizer hydratable cement]. Moscow: NIIZhB.1981. 13 p.
6. Falikman V.V., Vovk A.I. Features of interaction polymethylene-polynaphthalenesulfonates different molecular weight with Portland cement clinker monominerals. Khimicheskie dobavki dlya betonov [In book Chemical additives for concrete]. Moscow: NIIZhB. 1987, pp. 17–30. (In Russian).
7. Batrakov V.G., Ivanov F.M., Silina U.S. The use of superplasticizer in concrete. Obzornaya informatsiya VNIIIS. Seriya 7. 1982. Vol. 2. 59 p. (In Russian).
8. Izotov V.S., Sokolova Yu.A. Khimicheskie dobavki dlya modifikatsii betona: monografiya [Chemical additives concrete modifications: monograph]. Kazan: KazGASU. 2006. 244 p.
9. Patent RF 2132828. Betonnaya smes’ dlya gidroizolyatsii I sposob prigotovleniya betonnoi smesi [The concrete method for waterproofing and concrete mixing] / Seleznev G.A., KramarL.Ya., TrofimovB.Ya., Korolev S.A.; Declared 27.01.1998; Published 10.07.1999.(In Russian).
10. Ivanov F.M. Additive for concrete mixtures - superplasticizer C-3. Beton I zhelezobeton. 1978. No. 10, pp. 13–16. (In Russian).
11. Trofimov B.Ya., Kramar L.Ya. The mechanism of “aging” of hydrated phases of the cement stone at cyclic freezing. Populyarnoe betonovedenie. 2009. No. 3, pp. 69–83. (In Russian).
12. Kaprielov S.S., Shenifel’d A.V., Batrakov V.G. Complex concrete modifier additive MB-01. Beton I zhelezobeton. 1997. No. 5, pp. 3–5. (In Russian).
13. Kramar L.Ya., Trofimov B.Ya., Zinov I.A. About the relationship between the hydrated cement phase structure with concrete frost. Condition and prospects of development of scientific and technical potential of the South-Ural region. MGMI. Magnitogorsk. 1994, pp. 33–35. (In Russian).
14. GOST 26633-2012. Concrete heavy fine-grained. Specifications. Moscow: Standartinform. 2014. 23 p. (In Russian).
15. GOST 31384-2008. Protection of concrete and reinforced concrete structures from corrosion. Moscow: Standartinform. 2008. 46 p. (In Russian).
16. Schrofl Ch., Gruber M., Plank J. Preferential adsorption of polycarboxylate superplasticizers on cement and silica fume in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). Cement and Concrete Research. 2012. No. 42, pp. 1401– 1408. 17. Plank J.,Sakai E., Miao C.W., Yu C., Hong J.X. Chemical admixtures –Chemistry, applications and their impact on concrete microstructure and durability. Cement and Concrete Research. 2015. No. 78, pp. 81–99.
18. Vovk A.I. “Relamiks gunning”: mechanism of action and features a set of strength shotcrete. Tekhnologii betonov. 2011. No. 11–12, pp. 25–27. (In Russian).
19. Plank J., Vlad D., Brandl A., Chatziagorastou P. Colloidal chemistry examination of thesteric effect of polycarboxylate superplasticizers. Cement International. 2005. No. 2, pp. 100–110.
20. Galkin V.I., Sayakhov R.D., Cherkasov R.A. The steric effect: the problem of quantifying and manifestation in the reactivity of organometallic compounds. Uspekhi khimii. 1991. Vol. 8. No. 60, pp. 1617–1644. (In Russian).
21. Shuldyakov K.V., Kramar L.Ya., Trofimov B.Ya., Mamaev N.A. Effect of Additives “fume-polycarboxylate superplasticizer” on the hydration of cement, structure and properties of cement stone. Tsementi ego primenenie. 2013. No. 2, pp. 114–118. (In Russian).
22. Yamada K., Ogawa S., Hanehara S. Controlling of the adsorption and dispersing force of polycarboxylate-type superplasticticizerby sulfate ion concentration in aqueous phase. Cement and Concrete Research. 2001. No. 31, pp. 375–383.
23. Yamada K. A summary of important characteristics of cement and. Proc. of NinthАCI International Conference. Seville, Spain, 2009, pp. 56–63.
24. Kuznetsova T.V., Talaber I. Glinozemistiy tsement [Aluminous cement]. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1988. 272 p. (In Russian).
25. Plank J., Zhimin D., Keller H., Hossle F.V., Seidl W. Fundamental mechanisms for polycarboxylate intercalation into C3A hydrate phases and the role of sulfate present in cement. Cement and Concrete Research. 2010. No. 40, pp. 45–57.
26. Plank, J. Preparation and characterization of new CaAl– polycarboxylate layered double hydroxides. Materials Letters. 2006. No. 60(29), pp. 3614–3617.
27. Vovk A.I. Some features of the use of giperplasticizers. Tekhnologiya betona. 2007. No. 5, pp. 18–19. (InRussian).
28. Dobshits L.M. Hardening of cement stone with superplasticizers C-3 and GLENIUM-51. Aktual’nye problem stroitel’nogo kompleksa: stroitel’nye materialy I tekhnologii. 2010, pp. 133–138. (In Russian).
29. Plank J., Schröfl C., Gruber M., Lesti M., Sieber R., Adv J. Effectiveness of polycarboxylate superplasticizers in ultra-high strength concrete: the importance of PCE compatibility with silica fume. Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology.2009. Vol. 7. No. 1, pp. 5–12.
30. Schrofl Ch., Gruber M., Plank J. Preferential adsorption of polycarboxylate superplasticizers on cement and silica fume in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). Cement and Concrete Research. 2012. No. 42, pp. 1401–1408. 31. Lei L., Plank J. A study on the impact of different clay minerals on the dispersing force of conventional and modified vinyl ether based polycarboxylate superplasticizers. Cement and Concrete Research. 2014. No. 60, pp. 1–10.
32. Ng S., Plank J. Interaction mechanisms between Na montmorillonite clay and MPEG-based polycarboxylate superplasticizers. Cement and concrete research. 2012. No. 42, pp. 847–854.
33. Lei L., Plank J. A concept for a polycarboxylate superplasticizer possessing enhancedclay tolerance. Cement and concrete research. 2012. No. 42, pp. 118–123.
34. Schuldyakov K., Kramar L., Trofimov B., Ivanov I. Superplasticizer Effect on Cement Paste Structure and Concrete Freeze-Thaw Resistance. Advanced Materials in Technology and Construction (AMTC-2015). – AIP Conf. Proc. 2016. doi 10.1063/1.4937881.
35. Gamaliy E.A., Trofimov B.Ya., Kramar L.Ya. Structure and properties of cement paste with the addition of silica fume and polycarboxylate plasticizer. VestnikYuUrGU. Stroitel’stvo I arkhitektura. 2009. Vol. 8. No. 16, pp. 29–35. (In Russian).
36. Fan-rong Kong, Li-sha Pan, Chen-man Wang. Effects of polycarboxylate superplasticizers with different molecular structure on the hydration behavior of cement paste. Construction and Building Materials. 2016. Vol. 105, pp. 545–553.
2. Dobrolyubov G., Ratinov V.B., Rozenberg T.I. Prognozirovanie dolgovechnosti betona s dobavkami [Predicting the durability of concrete with additives] Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1983. 134 p.
3. Dobavki v beton: spravochnoe posobie [Concrete admixtures: handbook] / Ed. by V.S. Ramachandran. Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1988. 573 p.
4. Zotkin A.G. Betony s effektivnymi dobavkami [Concretes with effective additives] Moscow: Infra-Inzheneriya. 2014. 160 p.
5. Rekomendatsii po opredeleniyu soderzhaniya super plastifikatora C-3 v zhidkoi faze gidratiruyushchegosya tsementa [Recommendations for the determination of C-3 in the liquid phase superplasticizer hydratable cement]. Moscow: NIIZhB.1981. 13 p.
6. Falikman V.V., Vovk A.I. Features of interaction polymethylene-polynaphthalenesulfonates different molecular weight with Portland cement clinker monominerals. Khimicheskie dobavki dlya betonov [In book Chemical additives for concrete]. Moscow: NIIZhB. 1987, pp. 17–30. (In Russian).
7. Batrakov V.G., Ivanov F.M., Silina U.S. The use of superplasticizer in concrete. Obzornaya informatsiya VNIIIS. Seriya 7. 1982. Vol. 2. 59 p. (In Russian).
8. Izotov V.S., Sokolova Yu.A. Khimicheskie dobavki dlya modifikatsii betona: monografiya [Chemical additives concrete modifications: monograph]. Kazan: KazGASU. 2006. 244 p.
9. Patent RF 2132828. Betonnaya smes’ dlya gidroizolyatsii I sposob prigotovleniya betonnoi smesi [The concrete method for waterproofing and concrete mixing] / Seleznev G.A., KramarL.Ya., TrofimovB.Ya., Korolev S.A.; Declared 27.01.1998; Published 10.07.1999.(In Russian).
10. Ivanov F.M. Additive for concrete mixtures - superplasticizer C-3. Beton I zhelezobeton. 1978. No. 10, pp. 13–16. (In Russian).
11. Trofimov B.Ya., Kramar L.Ya. The mechanism of “aging” of hydrated phases of the cement stone at cyclic freezing. Populyarnoe betonovedenie. 2009. No. 3, pp. 69–83. (In Russian).
12. Kaprielov S.S., Shenifel’d A.V., Batrakov V.G. Complex concrete modifier additive MB-01. Beton I zhelezobeton. 1997. No. 5, pp. 3–5. (In Russian).
13. Kramar L.Ya., Trofimov B.Ya., Zinov I.A. About the relationship between the hydrated cement phase structure with concrete frost. Condition and prospects of development of scientific and technical potential of the South-Ural region. MGMI. Magnitogorsk. 1994, pp. 33–35. (In Russian).
14. GOST 26633-2012. Concrete heavy fine-grained. Specifications. Moscow: Standartinform. 2014. 23 p. (In Russian).
15. GOST 31384-2008. Protection of concrete and reinforced concrete structures from corrosion. Moscow: Standartinform. 2008. 46 p. (In Russian).
16. Schrofl Ch., Gruber M., Plank J. Preferential adsorption of polycarboxylate superplasticizers on cement and silica fume in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). Cement and Concrete Research. 2012. No. 42, pp. 1401– 1408. 17. Plank J.,Sakai E., Miao C.W., Yu C., Hong J.X. Chemical admixtures –Chemistry, applications and their impact on concrete microstructure and durability. Cement and Concrete Research. 2015. No. 78, pp. 81–99.
18. Vovk A.I. “Relamiks gunning”: mechanism of action and features a set of strength shotcrete. Tekhnologii betonov. 2011. No. 11–12, pp. 25–27. (In Russian).
19. Plank J., Vlad D., Brandl A., Chatziagorastou P. Colloidal chemistry examination of thesteric effect of polycarboxylate superplasticizers. Cement International. 2005. No. 2, pp. 100–110.
20. Galkin V.I., Sayakhov R.D., Cherkasov R.A. The steric effect: the problem of quantifying and manifestation in the reactivity of organometallic compounds. Uspekhi khimii. 1991. Vol. 8. No. 60, pp. 1617–1644. (In Russian).
21. Shuldyakov K.V., Kramar L.Ya., Trofimov B.Ya., Mamaev N.A. Effect of Additives “fume-polycarboxylate superplasticizer” on the hydration of cement, structure and properties of cement stone. Tsementi ego primenenie. 2013. No. 2, pp. 114–118. (In Russian).
22. Yamada K., Ogawa S., Hanehara S. Controlling of the adsorption and dispersing force of polycarboxylate-type superplasticticizerby sulfate ion concentration in aqueous phase. Cement and Concrete Research. 2001. No. 31, pp. 375–383.
23. Yamada K. A summary of important characteristics of cement and. Proc. of NinthАCI International Conference. Seville, Spain, 2009, pp. 56–63.
24. Kuznetsova T.V., Talaber I. Glinozemistiy tsement [Aluminous cement]. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1988. 272 p. (In Russian).
25. Plank J., Zhimin D., Keller H., Hossle F.V., Seidl W. Fundamental mechanisms for polycarboxylate intercalation into C3A hydrate phases and the role of sulfate present in cement. Cement and Concrete Research. 2010. No. 40, pp. 45–57.
26. Plank, J. Preparation and characterization of new CaAl– polycarboxylate layered double hydroxides. Materials Letters. 2006. No. 60(29), pp. 3614–3617.
27. Vovk A.I. Some features of the use of giperplasticizers. Tekhnologiya betona. 2007. No. 5, pp. 18–19. (InRussian).
28. Dobshits L.M. Hardening of cement stone with superplasticizers C-3 and GLENIUM-51. Aktual’nye problem stroitel’nogo kompleksa: stroitel’nye materialy I tekhnologii. 2010, pp. 133–138. (In Russian).
29. Plank J., Schröfl C., Gruber M., Lesti M., Sieber R., Adv J. Effectiveness of polycarboxylate superplasticizers in ultra-high strength concrete: the importance of PCE compatibility with silica fume. Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology.2009. Vol. 7. No. 1, pp. 5–12.
30. Schrofl Ch., Gruber M., Plank J. Preferential adsorption of polycarboxylate superplasticizers on cement and silica fume in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). Cement and Concrete Research. 2012. No. 42, pp. 1401–1408. 31. Lei L., Plank J. A study on the impact of different clay minerals on the dispersing force of conventional and modified vinyl ether based polycarboxylate superplasticizers. Cement and Concrete Research. 2014. No. 60, pp. 1–10.
32. Ng S., Plank J. Interaction mechanisms between Na montmorillonite clay and MPEG-based polycarboxylate superplasticizers. Cement and concrete research. 2012. No. 42, pp. 847–854.
33. Lei L., Plank J. A concept for a polycarboxylate superplasticizer possessing enhancedclay tolerance. Cement and concrete research. 2012. No. 42, pp. 118–123.
34. Schuldyakov K., Kramar L., Trofimov B., Ivanov I. Superplasticizer Effect on Cement Paste Structure and Concrete Freeze-Thaw Resistance. Advanced Materials in Technology and Construction (AMTC-2015). – AIP Conf. Proc. 2016. doi 10.1063/1.4937881.
35. Gamaliy E.A., Trofimov B.Ya., Kramar L.Ya. Structure and properties of cement paste with the addition of silica fume and polycarboxylate plasticizer. VestnikYuUrGU. Stroitel’stvo I arkhitektura. 2009. Vol. 8. No. 16, pp. 29–35. (In Russian).
36. Fan-rong Kong, Li-sha Pan, Chen-man Wang. Effects of polycarboxylate superplasticizers with different molecular structure on the hydration behavior of cement paste. Construction and Building Materials. 2016. Vol. 105, pp. 545–553.
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