AbstractAbout AuthorsReferences
The evolution of development of concrete compositions from four-component of the old generation of the last century up to seven-eight components, the most efficient with traditional strength of up to 50–60 MPa, high-strength and ultra-strength with the strength of up to 150 MPa and higher is analyzed. Relatively short-term revolution stages of the long evolutionary development, as a result of which the strength increased by 2–4 times and more, are presented. It is shown that this increase in strength is obliged not so much to addition of micro-silica to the plasticized concrete mix, but to the obligatory addition of disperse grinded rocks of significantly larger amount than 20–30% of cement mass and fine natural or grinded sand. On the basis of high values of concrete strength obtained (120–140 MPa), including self-compacting without highly reactive pozzolana additives of micro-silica, dehydrated kaolin etc and their industrial realization, it is concluded that the XXI century will be the century of micro-techologies with a possible combination (if necessary) of real, not falsified, nano-technologies
V.A. KALASHNIKOV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering)
Penza State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering ( 28 Germana Titova Street, 440028, Penza, Russian Federation)
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2. Richard P., Cheyrezy M.H. Composition of reactive powder concrete. Cement and Concrete Research. 2001. Vol. 25. Is. 7, pp. 1501–1511.
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10. Kalashnikov V.I. High-strength concretes and Ultra High-strength concretes - the main principles of their creation. Collected papers of scientific-technical conference «Composite construction materials. Theory and practice». Penza. 2008, pp. 61–71. (In Russian).
11. Kalashnikov V.I., Marucencev V.I., Cherkasov V.D., Kalashnikov D.V. Rheological criteria to evaluate aggregate stability of highly concentrated disperse systems. Modern problems in building materials: Materials of International scientific-technical conference. Voronezh. 1999, pp. 176–180. (In Russian).
12. Kalashnikov V.I., Ananyev S.V. High-strength concretes and ultra-high-strength concretes with dispersed reinforcement. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2009. No. 6, pp. 59–61. (In Russian).
13. Kalashnikov V.I., Ananyev S.V. Ensuring optimal topology of self-compacting concrete mixes for high strength concrete. «The scientific potential of the world – 2008»/ Materials of IV international scientific-practical conference. 2008. Vol. 9. pp. 65–68. (http://www. rusnauka.com/18_NPM_2008/Stroitelstvo/34516.doc. htm). (In Russian).
14. Kalashnikov V.I., Kuznetsov Yu.S., Ananyev S.V. Concretes of the new-generation with low specific consumption of cement per unit of strength. 1. Concretes with a low cement content with optimised milled, very fine and medium sands in rheological matrix. Bulletin of the Department of construction science. Moscow-Ivanovo. 2010. Is. 14. Vol. 2, pp. 27–29. (In Russian).
15. Kalashnikov V.I., Arkhipov V.P., Ananyev S.V. The optimal topology self-compacting concrete mixes for high strength concrete. New saving energy-high technologies in production of construction materials. Materials of international scientific-technical conference. Penza. 2009, pp. 46–51. (In Russian).
16. Kalashnikov V.I., Gulyaeva E.V., Valiev D.M., Volodin V.M., Khastunov A.V. High-efficient powderactivated concretes of different functional purpose with use of superplasticizers. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2011. No. 11, pp. 44–47. (In Russian).
17. Kalashnikov V.I., Belyakova E.A., Tarakanov O.V., Moskvin R.N. High-efficiency composite cement using fly ash. Regional’naya arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2014. No. 1, pp. 24–29. (In Russian).
18. Kalashnikov V. I. Using rational rheology of concrete in the future. Part 1. Types of rheological matrices in the concrete mixes, the strategy of increasing the strength of the concrete and saving it in the construction; Part 2. Fine rheology of the matrix and powder concretes of new generation; Part 3. From highstrength concretes and ultra-high-strength concretes of the future to superplasticising concrete general purpose of the present. Tekhnologiya betonov. 2007. No. 5, pp. 8–10; 2007. No. 6, pp. 8–11; 2008. No. 1, pp. 22–26. (In Russian).
19. Kalashnikov V.I. What is a powder-activated concretes of new generation. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 2, pp. 10–12. (In Russian).
20. Kalashnikov V.I., Erofeev V.T., Moroz M.N., Trojanov I.Yu., Volodin V.M., Suzdaltsev O.V. Nanohydsilicate technology in production of concrete. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 5, pp. 88–91. (In Russian).
2. Richard P., Cheyrezy M.H. Composition of reactive powder concrete. Cement and Concrete Research. 2001. Vol. 25. Is. 7, pp. 1501–1511.
3. Aitcin P-C., Lachemi M., Adeline R., Richard P. The Sherbooke Reactive Powder Concrete Footbridge. Journal of the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE). 1998. No. 2. Vol 8, pp. 140–147.
4. World premiere in Austria – arch bridge of high-strength fiber-reinforced concrete. SPI. Mezhdunarodnoe betonnoe proizvodstvo. 2011. No. 11, pp. 132–134. (In Russian).
5. Schutter G.D. Self-compacting concrete: the way of the future. SPI. Mezhdunarodnoe betonnoe proizvodstvo. 2013. No. 5, pp. 40–45. (In Russian).
6. Russell K.G., Georged. Application of High-strength Concrete in North America. Hoff Simposium on HighPerformance concrete and concrete for marine environment. Las Vegas. USA. May. 2004. pp. 1–16.
7. Schmidt M. Einsatz von UMPC bcim Bau der Geartnerplatzbruecke in Kassel. G-2007, pp. 72–80.
8. Borneman O., Schmidt M., Fehling E., Middendorf B. Ultra-Hoclleistungsbeton UHPC-Hersctellung, Eigenschaften und Anwendungsmoglichkeiten. Sonderdruck aus: Beton und stalbetondau 96. 2001. H. 7, S. 458–467.
9. Muller C., Sahroder P., Shlissl P. Hochleistungbeton mit Stlinkohlenflugasche. Essen VGB Fechmische Vereinigung Bundesverband Kraftwerksnelen produkte. Flugasche in Beton. 1998. Vortag 4. 25 seiten.
10. Kalashnikov V.I. High-strength concretes and Ultra High-strength concretes - the main principles of their creation. Collected papers of scientific-technical conference «Composite construction materials. Theory and practice». Penza. 2008, pp. 61–71. (In Russian).
11. Kalashnikov V.I., Marucencev V.I., Cherkasov V.D., Kalashnikov D.V. Rheological criteria to evaluate aggregate stability of highly concentrated disperse systems. Modern problems in building materials: Materials of International scientific-technical conference. Voronezh. 1999, pp. 176–180. (In Russian).
12. Kalashnikov V.I., Ananyev S.V. High-strength concretes and ultra-high-strength concretes with dispersed reinforcement. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2009. No. 6, pp. 59–61. (In Russian).
13. Kalashnikov V.I., Ananyev S.V. Ensuring optimal topology of self-compacting concrete mixes for high strength concrete. «The scientific potential of the world – 2008»/ Materials of IV international scientific-practical conference. 2008. Vol. 9. pp. 65–68. (http://www. rusnauka.com/18_NPM_2008/Stroitelstvo/34516.doc. htm). (In Russian).
14. Kalashnikov V.I., Kuznetsov Yu.S., Ananyev S.V. Concretes of the new-generation with low specific consumption of cement per unit of strength. 1. Concretes with a low cement content with optimised milled, very fine and medium sands in rheological matrix. Bulletin of the Department of construction science. Moscow-Ivanovo. 2010. Is. 14. Vol. 2, pp. 27–29. (In Russian).
15. Kalashnikov V.I., Arkhipov V.P., Ananyev S.V. The optimal topology self-compacting concrete mixes for high strength concrete. New saving energy-high technologies in production of construction materials. Materials of international scientific-technical conference. Penza. 2009, pp. 46–51. (In Russian).
16. Kalashnikov V.I., Gulyaeva E.V., Valiev D.M., Volodin V.M., Khastunov A.V. High-efficient powderactivated concretes of different functional purpose with use of superplasticizers. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2011. No. 11, pp. 44–47. (In Russian).
17. Kalashnikov V.I., Belyakova E.A., Tarakanov O.V., Moskvin R.N. High-efficiency composite cement using fly ash. Regional’naya arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2014. No. 1, pp. 24–29. (In Russian).
18. Kalashnikov V. I. Using rational rheology of concrete in the future. Part 1. Types of rheological matrices in the concrete mixes, the strategy of increasing the strength of the concrete and saving it in the construction; Part 2. Fine rheology of the matrix and powder concretes of new generation; Part 3. From highstrength concretes and ultra-high-strength concretes of the future to superplasticising concrete general purpose of the present. Tekhnologiya betonov. 2007. No. 5, pp. 8–10; 2007. No. 6, pp. 8–11; 2008. No. 1, pp. 22–26. (In Russian).
19. Kalashnikov V.I. What is a powder-activated concretes of new generation. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 2, pp. 10–12. (In Russian).
20. Kalashnikov V.I., Erofeev V.T., Moroz M.N., Trojanov I.Yu., Volodin V.M., Suzdaltsev O.V. Nanohydsilicate technology in production of concrete. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 5, pp. 88–91. (In Russian).
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